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British education
British education emas us to develop fully the abilities
of
individuals, for their own benefit and of society as a whole.
Compulsory
schooling takes place between the agers of 5 and 16, but
some pupils
remain at shool for 2 years more, to prepare for further
higher
education. Post shool education is organized flaxebly, to
provide a wide
range of opportunities for academic and vacational education
and to
continue studying through out life.
Administration of state schools is decentralised. The department
of
education and science is responsible for national education
policy, but
it doesn't run any schools, if doesn't employ teachers,
or prescribe
corricular or textbooks. All shools are given a considerable
amount of
freedom. According to the law only one subject is compulsary.
That is
religious instruction.
Children recieve preschool education under the age of 5
in nursery
schools or in infant's classes in primary schools.
Most pupils receive free education finenst from public fonds
and the
small proportions attend schools wholy independent. Most
independent
schools are single-sex, but the number of mixing schools
is growing.
Education within the mantained schools system usually comprises
two
stages: primary and secondary education. Primary schools
are subdevided
into infant schools (ages 5 - 7), and junior schools (ages
7 - 11).
Infant schools are informal and children are encouraged
to read, write
and make use of numbers and develop the creative abilities.
Primary
children do all their work with the same class teacher exept
for PT and
music. The work is beist upon the pupils interests as far
as possible.
The junior stage extence over four years. Children have
set pirits of
arithmetic, reading, composition, history, geography nature
study and
others. At this stage of schooling pupils were often placed
in A, B, C
and D streams according their abilities. The most able children
were put
in the A stream, the list able in the D stream. Till reccantly
most
junior shool children had to seat for the eleven-plus examination.
It
usually consisted of an arithmetic paper and an entelligent
test.
According to the results of the exam children are sent to
Grammar,
Technical or Secondary modern schools. So called comprehansive
schools
began to appear after World War 2. They are muchly mixed
schools which
can provide education for over 1000 pupils. Ideally they
provide all the
courses given in Grammar, Technical and Secondary modern
schools.
By the law all children must receive full-time education
between the
ages of 5 and 16. Formally each child can remain a school
for a further
2 or 3 years and continue his studies in the sixth form
up to the age of
18 or 19. The course is usually subdevided into the lower
6 and the
upper 6. The corricular is narrowed to 5 subjects of which
a pupil can
choose 2 or 3.
The main examinations for secondary school pupils are general
certeficate of education (the GCE) exam and certificate
of secondary
education (the CSE) exam. The GSE exam is held at two levels:
ordinary
level (0 level) and advanced level (A level).
Candidats set for 0 level papers at 15 - 16 years away.
GCE level is
usually taken at the end on the sixth form. The CSE level
exam is taken
after 5 years of secondary education by the pupils who are
of everage
abilities of their age.
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